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Setting Up MongoDB on Linux
Russell Bateman
12 May 2011
last update:
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MongoDB may be easily installed on Ubuntu. Do Applications >
Ubuntu Software Center and search for "mongodo".
Click on "An object/document-oriented database (metapackage) (mongodb)".
What will be installed are packages:
- mongodb
- mongodb-dev
- mongodb-server
- mongodb-clients
I found that I could use Mongo installed this way with the shell, but it would
not give a connection to my application. Moral of the story: never trust what
Ubuntu Software Center has in its repository. The version of Mongo installable
using Ubuntu Software Center is unusable. It can't be connected to from JDBC,
Django, etc.
If you find something installed and wish to remove it, do this:
russ@tuonela:~> dpkg -l | grep mongodb
rc mongodb-server 1:1.4.4-2ubuntu2 An object/document-oriented database (server package)
russ@tuonela:~> sudo dpkg --purge mongodb-server
[sudo] password for russ:
(Reading database ... 273127 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing mongodb-server ...
Purging configuration files for mongodb-server ...
dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/lib/mongodb' not empty so not removed.
dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/log/mongodb' not empty so not removed.
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Then I simply erased the following subdirectories:
- /data
- /var/lib/mongodb
- /var/log/mongodb
Fresher, working packages
MongoDB's own packages are generally fresher than those included in the Ubuntu
repositories. To install on Ubuntu server, Ubuntu desktop (ignoring Ubuntu
Software Center), Debian or other platforms supporting Debian apt
(advance package tool), first check to see if it's not already there:
$ dpkg -l | grep mongodb
If not, or if you'd like the latest, go download it from
MongoDB downloads as a
simple tarball.
In this way, you can get a private copy of MongoDB to run without installing it
on your host (or so I think; I haven't tried not installing it). There is a
bin subdirectory.
However, to hard-install Mongo on your host, please follow the steps in the
next section.
Formal installation of latest packages
This is done from links at the bottom of the downloads page for various,
supported platforms. Because I've been an Ubuntu guy for a few years now, I'm
concerned here with the
Ubuntu and Debian packages. There are some complex details you'll
have to sort out for yourself such as setting up the GNU privacy guard (GPG)
key. These details are explained on that page, but there are problems with how
they're explained; hence, the write-up below.
Note that after this step, your host will be running Mongo DB.
Trouble installing Debian (Ubuntu) packages
The page at MongoDB's web site explaining how to install everything (as
compared just to downloading a private copy) gives misleading when not
erroneous counsel.
root@tuonela:~# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg \
--trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg \
--keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10
gpg: requesting key 7F0CEB10 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 7F0CEB10: public key "Richard Kreuter [email protected]>" imported
gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
If this step hangs then times out, you may be needing to go through a proxy.
You'll probably need to set this up in your root user, then try the apt-key
adv command again.
root@tuonela:~# env | grep http
root@tuonela:~# export http_proxy=http://web-proxy.acme.com:8080
root@tuonela:~# export https_proxy=https://web-proxy.acme.com:8080
Next, add these lines to the bottom of /etc/apt/sources.list. Do not
attempt to execute them on the command line; deb is not a Linux
command. You'll see deb-src already paired in this file to other line
entries. I have it here uncommented because it's not needed and caused the
update to fail when I tried it.
deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen
# deb-src http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen
Then, update apt ensuring that there is some MongoDB-related output as
the latter's repository is added for apt to use.
root@tuonela:~# apt-get update | grep mongo
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist InRelease
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist Release.gpg
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist Release
Get:1 http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen i386 Packages [785 B]
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen TranslationIndex
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen Translation-en_US
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen Translation-en
After that success, the last step is the installation.
root@tuonela:~# apt-get install mongodb-10gen
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
mongodb-10gen
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 21 not upgraded.
Need to get 26.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 68.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart/ dist/10gen mongodb-10gen i386 1.8.1 [26.9 MB]
Fetched 26.9 MB in 32s (830 kB/s)
Selecting previously deselected package mongodb-10gen.
(Reading database ... 51141 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking mongodb-10gen (from .../mongodb-10gen_1.8.1_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Setting up mongodb-10gen (1.8.1) ...
Adding system user `mongodb' (UID 106) ...
Adding new user `mongodb' (UID 106) with group `nogroup' ...
Not creating home directory `/home/mongodb'.
Adding group `mongodb' (GID 115) ...
Done.
Adding user `mongodb' to group `mongodb' ...
Adding user mongodb to group mongodb
Done.
mongodb start/running, process 5644
The Mongo DB service is now running.
Setting up to use MongoDB
To get started (this is all at the "learning" link below), you'll need to
create and place for Mongo databases to live on your platform. For Unix and
Linux this is as below. You need privileges too. You can give these to everyone
if you like.
root@tuonela:~# mkdir -p data/db
root@tuonela:~# chmod -R a+rw data
root@tuonela:~# ll data
total 1
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 72 2011-06-28 10:47 .
drwxr-xr-x 25 root root 728 2011-06-28 10:47 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 48 2011-06-28 10:47 db
To ensure that all is set up correctly, browse to
http://localhost:28017/. There
you'll find an administrative page with the title,
mongod hostname with a great deal of information on it including
the contents of the log (from /var/log/mongodb.log). You'll need to
refresh to see new additions. For example, if you were running the Mongo shell,
exited, then launched it again, then refresh the admin page, you'll see two
more lines at the end of the log:
11:09:33 [conn4] end connection 127.0.0.1:46841
11:09:38 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:41840 #5
Learning to use MondgoDB
Check out the MongDB website for a
tutorial to get
started. You'll use Mongo's shell at first. It's important to understand the
concept. There are also high-powered GUI environments with which to access
MongoDB. Later, you'll consume Mongo from your application.
Using Java with MongoDB
You can also find the Java driver JAR and documentation for same on the
downloads page.